The film Goodnight and Good-luck and the play, The Crucible Essay Example

The film Goodnight and Good-luck and the play, The Crucible Paper The play, The Crucible, was set in Salem, Massachusetts, in the 16th century. This is a period made famous for the witch trials that took place in the town. The film Goodnight and Good-luck, was set in America during the 1950s shortly after television had made its debut. The two pieces both explore issues surrounding injustice, an individuals credibility and peoples reputations and reactions to information put forward. In Arthur Millers play, The Crucible, there are many ways in which people are portrayed in negative aspects from those in authority. The witch trials that took place were based mainly upon false accusations from Abigail Williams against a whole host of individuals, the main one being Elizabeth Proctor. These allegations formed the basis for the witch trials to commence, with more people accused of witchcraft as the trials ventured further. For those accused, the punishments they faced, more or less meant that their fair go at life was diminished, given that there were no redeeming paths for justice. Other people became involved with the trials as they progressed and they themselves became entangled in the intricate web of allegations. Their credibility was placed under intense scrutiny, as were their pasts, and they too stood accused of actions that had no bearing on the trials at hand. John Proctor, Elizabeth Proctors husband, was one person who became involved with the trials defending his wife. It got to the point where his reputation became tarnished as a result of the constant discrediting of the information he bought forward. One of the points he raised was that Abigail had been a servant to he and Elizabeth and had been dismissed by Elizabeth as a result of an affair that took place between Abigail and Proctor. We will write a custom essay sample on The film Goodnight and Good-luck and the play, The Crucible specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The film Goodnight and Good-luck and the play, The Crucible specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The film Goodnight and Good-luck and the play, The Crucible specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Proctors reasoning for the accusations placed against Elizabeth, stated that they were an attempt from Abigail to regain his loyalty by killing Elizabeth. After he had explained this to the judges, he was asked to sign the paper on which the transcript of what he had said was written, however, he would not. He then made this comment: Because it is my name! Because I cannot have another in my life! Because I lie and I sign lies to myself! Because I am not worth the dust on the feet of them hang! How can I not live without my name? I have given you my soul; leave my name! The Crucible Act Four, Page 124. The judges did not take kindly to this comment and decided that he must have been lying and subsequently came to the conclusion that he must hang. In the end, he managed to successfully defend Elizabeth, however, in the process he dirtied his own name and was subsequently sentenced to death. In George Clooneys Goodnight and Good-luck, one main portrayal of injustice occurred as a result of United States Military actions against an air force officer named Milo Radulovich, whose father allegedly had connections to the communist movement in the United States. He was asked to resign his position in the air force as a result of his fathers past actions, as he was considered a risk to national security even though he himself had not committed any offences and had a clean slate. The person who decided that Milo Radulovich was to leave the air force was Senator Joseph McCarthy. Other people once again became involved with the case, claiming that the actions taken out against the officer were unjust and that it was against the constitution. One person who became deeply involved in defending the victim and publicly making known the injustice that had taken place was Edward Murrow of CBS news. He said this about Senator McCarthy publicly on his CBS documentary show See it now. His primary achievement has been in confusing the public mind, as between the internal and the external threats of Communism. We must not confuse dissent with disloyalty. We must remember always that accusation is not proof and that conviction depends upon evidence and due process of law. We will not walk in fear, one of another. We will not be driven by fear into an age of unreason, if we dig deep in our history and our doctrine, and remember that we are not descended from fearful men. Source: Goodnight and Good-Luck As a result of Edward making his views known publicly, he came under fire from the authorities. He was placed under intense public scrutiny and was subjected to slander and discrimination campaigns administered by Senator McCarthy. These campaigns publicly accused Edward Murrow of taking sides and publicly broadcasting his views without knowing the whole story. The accusations were later backed up by Senator McCarthy appearing on See it now, on which he made further efforts to discredit Murrow, however these efforts did not go down well with the viewers and bought a further decline in his popularity. In the end Milo was reinstated, and McCarthys popularity was at an all time low. In conclusion, from both pieces of literature, we can see clearly that injustice handed down upon people from authorities, and the way people who tried to defend how the victims were treated, reduced their chance at a fair go in life. In each case, those originally accused, Elizabeth Proctor and Milo Radulovich, were let off the hook and their fair go at life restored. However, Edward Murrow and John Proctor suffered as a result of it. Edward Murrow managed to win over the public opinion, thus restoring an element of quality to his life but, John Proctor lost his life as a result of the trials, thus eliminating any chance he had at a fair go in life.

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buy custom Does Money Motivate People essay Money has been a means rewarding workers for a very long time. There are many other incentives given to workers such as free gifts, promotions and holiday leaves. Among those offered, money is considered as the most important of all. Money is considered most important because everything that man needs for survival has the value of money attached to it. This includes all the basic needs needed for human survival.Food, shelter and clothing all have money value attached to them. It is with this regard that many organizations consider money is the most important motivator to their employees. This has been explained in details by sociologists like Philip Slater. The question if money matters has been posed by many people. Many reputable scientists have argued that it actually depends on which society one is referring to. In other words, which historical period one is talking about. They refer to how people used to live sometimes back. During the Stone Age period, there was no money. People used to exchange goods as a means of trade. This means that workers were paid by being given goods such as food, jewelary and pieces of cloth to wear. They thus argue that there was no money and yet workers were motivated. Money is thus not considered a motivator by scientists because even presently such agreements do exist. In some cases, they have referred to the African Traditional way of paying bride price. Dowry is paid in form of domestic animals and not money (Blass, 2009). Wealth can be measured in many ways and the amount of money one has is one them. Every person does his best to gain wealthy but people perceive wealth differently. Some people regard material wealth more highly than money. These are the people who might not consider money as a motivator. Just like the Traditional African society, some people in the modern would still prefer material wealth as a motivator rather than money. There are cases where employers have bought houses and vehicles for their employees as a means of appreciating their good work. The employees have ended up working even harder because they have been motivated by goods. In other different cases motivation can be something much different from money. When a student is praised for doing well, thats enough motivation and can make him to perform even harder. Thus money can be a motivator to some but not others. Does Money Motivate? Employers pay their employees money as a major means of motivation. This is the most common means compared to others and reminds one about Shaw and Gruptas article. It stated that the idea that everybody wanted money was just propaganda. It goes on to say that it was circulated by wealth addicts who wanted to feel better about themselves. Other means used in organization to motivate employees include praises, promotions and giving employees gifts and presents. In the present world, people need money to carry their day to day activities (Collins and Moore, 1970). It is for this reason that Trade Unions are fighting tirelessly for workers to be paid good salary. They fight for pay rise and good working conditions. Few organizations provide their employees with food at their work places. It is for this reason that employees must be paid well so that they can buy food because they cannot work on an empty stomach. The employees may also have other dependants like families and friends. This implies that even if they are given enough food at work it is not convincing for them not to be paid. Money is also used by employees to meet other basic needs that they may need. They need clothing to keep them and cover their nakedness. Studies show that employees spend a large amount of their income to buy clothing in order to be smart. Other firms provide uniforms to their employees which they wear during working hours. Generally they are supposed to be presentable in their places of work thus they need money to buy clothing. Shelter is another basic need that employees should have. They should therefore be paid money that will enable them to rent or buy their own houses. This amounts to motivation at work place because employees will work well if they motivation to those employees who cannot afford housing. Servant quarters are provided by some organisations to employees who want to live near the company. Skinnerians definition of motivation is classified into two. He was renowned sociologist who distinguished them between intrinsic and extrinsic. He defines intrinsic motivation as whereby the task is qualified as appealing (Cooper, 2000). It should be appealing in a way that the employees should feel motivated when they are given the gift.He goes to give examples of what he thinks the best motivation for such employees. He gives example of an employee who urgently needs a house. Such an employee will be highly motivated if he is given a house as a gift other than giving him something else.He ends his statement by suggesting that employees should be given a chance to choose what will motivate them. If this is implemented, then the organisation should give limits because some employees could be so extravagant. Extrinsic motivation is whereby the organization gives motivation in a manner which is conditional. This means that an employee is given something to motivate him but given certain targets to meet. In this case, the promise given or the gift given can be withdrawn if the target is not met. He has given examples of such cases. An employee is given a house to live in on condition that if he meets a given target the house will be his. Skinnerian in his article does not support extrinsic motivation. He gives possibilities of some employees blackmailing their employees by setting unachievable targets. Reseach conducted showed that most employees would prefer intrinsic kind of motivation compared to extrinsic. It also showed that many companies use intrinsic kind of motivation in their policies. What Does Money Mean To Motivation? Numerous studies have shown that when employees are asked what is most important to them, money has been ranked as most important. Other factors like good working conditions, type of work to be done and of administration come later. This implies that with good payment, many employees are willing to work under any given conditions. It thus gives us the reason as to why generally many people can even risk their entire lives for the sake money. This relates to the study of human nature which states that human desires cannot be satisfied. Some employees have been known to work even on holidays so tha they can earn more. Others dont even go on leave just to work for money. Managers who have been asked what their employees prefer most have also ranked money as the most important. This assumption has however led to many employees being mistreated at their place of work. Some Managers take this advantage to sexually harass their juniors Such cases are more witnessed at the time workers are being recruited. Employees who are promised a lot of money to the extend of bribing the managers to get the position they want. It can be noted from this that money is a source of all evils. Unqualified people are employed through bribery. This may make the company not perform at certain points because the employees are incompetent.Some employees are victims of sexual harassment just because they have been promised money by the managers. This proves the relevancy of the study which showed that many marriages were being broken because of sexual relationships at work places. It was also noted that H.I.V and AIDS spread through the same means (Drucker, 1985). The question of how to note when employees are motivated or not has been posed by many scholars.There are many signs of employees who are not motivated. Under performance and low morale are the most common of the signs. One of the reasons for underperformance is when one is not given the right job to do. As Frederick Herzberg puts it people should be given good job to do if the manager expects the job to be done well. Employees should therefore be employed in places where they are professions. He gives example of a person who is a marketer by profession being employed as an accountant. Some employees get demotivated because personal issues. These include family and relationship complications that one may be facing. In such cases, the employees should be given some time off to compose themselves. This because the chances of making mistakes are very high when one is in such condition. Highly motivated employees produce maximum output. They work very hard and tirelessly. Such employees are always in their best moods, they great each other and at least smile. Psychologists believe that employees have a basic need to feel appreciated. It is therefore important to appreciate what employees do to put them in the right mood. Psychologists have also stated that most employees hate managers who shout at them. Good leadership skills are therefore very important in motivating employees. Managers should democratic as good leaders. This will motivate the workers because democracy means employee participation in decision making. This will make the employees to feel part of the organisation which enhances their morale at work. To improve this relationship, the office of the manager should be free at all times to all employees who want to air there views. Managers should also not victimize employees for their views even if they are against policies of the company (Gatner and Shaver, 1994). There are also other ways of motivating employees apart from giving them money. Many Organisations give promotion to their employees as a way of motivating them. Several factors are considered while giving promotions.The most common factor considered is the number of years one has worked with the Organization. Others base on performance and discipline of the employee at work. Improving working conditions is another way of motivating employees. This includes reducing hours of work and making the rules and regulations bearable. Employers can also motivate their workers by making working environment better. They can do this by purchasing new machines and by installing new technologies in their firms. When the machines are efficient and fast, employees will enjoy working on them. This is a motivation because output is increased which makes the employee more happy. Organisations can also give their employees some time off to relax their minds. This includes weekend offs and leaves. They should also be given some time off during public holidays (Kiezner, 2010). This will motivate the employees because they get sometimes to spend with their families. It also gives the employees time do their personal duties. Workers who go on duty on such holidays should also be paid bonus as onetime. This is a good motivation as the bonus is normally double the normal pay.Giving praises and commending employees for work well done is also a motivation. This will encourage them to work even harder and better. It is human nature to feel motivated if they feel they are appreciated. What Does Money Mean in Life? Money brings the hope and satisfaction that one is in apposition to have a roof to shelter his or her head, the capability of one to stay warm and the confidence of having the next meal on the table. Having a home means that one has to incur costs every minute and to do so one has to have money. The cost of maintaining a home is part of everyone life and that is not going to change in any time in future. When people go shopping, money motivates them to try and save through buying the best commodities using the little money we can to have the best available commodities before them. There exist many luxuries sold with big price tags which promise the common man ease and comfort of satisfying the day today responsibilities. For one to make life easier, the common man is always motivated to spare the little money before them and let go of the luxuries in their life. The idea to have cash kept away for future tasks such as retirement motivate people to have savings and make investments. It is the nature of man to expect money to earn more money while they sit and do nothing about that. Though people do invest because they are motivated to have more money, it is not safe but because of the current recession in every part of the world, people take risks with the hope of gaining more money. Some people believe that having liquid cash with them is a risk thus they are motivated to invest as away of saving it. Most people during their lives as workers are motivated to open saving accounts so as to ensure that they have financial security in future. Thus the need of having money in future motivate people to engage in many income oriented activities in an effort to achieve current and future financial security. There is no individual who wishes to have fixed income everyday that would force them to cut down the daily needs and pleasures due to the absence of enough money. The cost incurred to meet the basic needs in life such as education, motivates people to spare money to meet the children fees in futture. Money always motivates people to make the most of the available resources including the money they have. No matter how comfortable most people may get, they never get satisfied of what they have, they are always motivated with the pleasures they earn out of having money to even work harder to earn more money so that they continue enjoying the pleasure and have even more. Money motivates people to make future plans and meet the never ending efforts to have better budgets in future. It is the demand of money to satisfy almost everything that motivates people to engage in different activities. The deepest desires of a person are normally brought to the surface by money. It motivates every individual as it is a means of bringing their dreams to fulfillment. Money always inspires people to try move to the next possible level that come their way (Kobia and Sikalieh, 2010). As money can be considered to be a blessing to many, it is also a curse to some people. Just the way it brings success to some people, it results to great failure to others. It inspires people from different backgrounds and race to engage in both bad and good things. It has proved to be one of the most basic needs in the life of people and due to this position, it has come out as being a cause of controversy. Money is a product that is tangible and brings out the worst and best in people from different shades of life. Both women and men are in love with money so much that they can do or sacrifice anything to gain it. This can go to the extend of hurting or killing others. Money is a desirable product when it is put in proper use. However, when an individual desires to gain the money supercedes every other important thing, it ends up being dangerous. Money should be considered as a consequent of a positive action. It has to be regarded as a bonus in life of people. People can engage in any type of work if they are not specialized in that filed or even if they dont like it just to gain money. When one has money, he or she can have most of things done in life. This motivates every person to work even harder so as to assume such position. Money makes life smoother but this should not compromise the morality of an individual. Some people are willing to go to the extend of selling their souls for the sake of money. Money Motivates People to Gain Wealth Everyone wants good health, wealth and happiness in abundance. Money is the basic motivator for people to have good health, wealth and happiness. Though money cannot buy happiness, it meets the material needs that are responsible for making people happy. Money is the only means of purchasing anything an individual believes will be a source of happiness. People desire to have material things like homes, cars and boats are basically motivated by cash. People strive to have bank accounts that are large and engage in whatever it will take them to gain more money rewards in their business or at work. Individuals who seek money by the desire of pursuing their passion are motivated to make more money to ensure that their desires come to pass. The passion of being whatever one wants motivates them to work harder than usual in order to have the desires come to pass. This does not mean the person is motivated by greed but the passion to meet his or her desire. It can be argued that money is the root of evil as it is believed by many because it is through money that people gain the basic needs in life like shelter, medicine, clothes and insurance. These are not evil things but necessities. The current lifestyle demands that most of the things people need have to be purchased with some currency. With the demands of the necessities in most peoples lives, they have to be motivated to earn the money so that they access the basic needs in life. The love people have for money is what motivates them as that is their source of happiness. The motivation to have more money can be considered to be a secondary motivation to the primary needs of having other things like food, clothes and decent homes. Money in life means that an individual has the means of accessing the services and goods that are necessary in achieving their goals. Money also steps in as a pay for the items that are necessary in meeting personal basic needs. Every person is motivated to have more income so as to turn their dreams to reality. Motivation and money are related inversely thus one cannot do without the other (Mintzberg, 2000). How Money Motivates Employees The performances and motivation are complex issues in any life context and are affected by a number of factors. The role money plays in motivation cannot efficiently take the place of the role of management in ensuring that the employees meet the organizations performance expectations. Other people believe that money cannot step in to motivate employees and that is true regarding some employees but the truth is that a large percentage of employees in most of the work places are motivated by their income. Statistics carried out on the same issue show that employees are motivated by money many to a degree that can be said to be moderate while the most fall under the great degree. Money does not necessary change the behavior of the employees at the work place in relation to motivation but directs their behavior to tending towards being motivated. Jobs that fetch more money compared to the others attract more applicants and more qualified personnel. Pay rises are also seen to motivate the employees to work harder as compared to workers who have been receiving the same amount of salary for along period of time. Employees tend to perform better on overtimes as that earns them extra cash to the basic salary they earn. Workers are also seen to be active on activities such as work field trips and meetings which earn them allowances. Thus the employees tend to be motivated by the extra activities they do in the work places that earn them extra money (Conklin, 2000). Conclusion Money can arguably be considered as one of the basic needs in life. It is through money that people gain access to the basic needs and even the luxuries. It is the desire of life satisfaction that motivates people to work to have more money as the more money a person has the more satisfaction come their way. Thus money motivates most of the activities done by many people as it determines what an individual has or what he or she cannot access. However, such motivation should be in such away that it gets the better an individual morality is in some cases, most people are motivated to engage in evil activities in an effort to gain money thus supporting the saying that money is the source of evil. 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Business law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 9

Business law - Essay Example This encourages investors and this factor has also contributed to the growth of business sector throughout the world for large scale productions and distribution (Cartwright, 2008). As far as business standing in Ireland is concern, a sole proprietor is not strong financially comparing to a private limited company. Investors even seek such corporate bodies to lend money because they have published financial statements. If we compare Private Company with Sole Proprietor, we have more member than that of the Sole Proprietor; this means that we have better credit standing as well as better funding of the capital. It also enhances the stability in business. Directors of the company are accountable to the owners and the administration of the company with regards to the company and statutory books and management as it is stated in the articles of association. This enhances the formality in the role of the director. Control and management over a limited company are exercised by the board of directors, who in turn delegate many of their functions to other managers. Directors are selected by the members of the company and are also removable on valid grounds. Irish companies enjoys the lowest corporate taxes i.e. a universal rate of 12.5% on trading profits while some companies which meet certain requirements are taxed at 0%. This is one of the major advantages enjoyed by the companies situated in Ireland (Company Formations in Ireland). In addition to this, Irish companies also enjoy an extensive network of double taxation treaties. It means the imposition of the tax on the same income in two different countries. It can be evaded due to such treaties. The formation of a company involves very complex procedures. The setting up cost is also very high i.e. â‚ ¬300-â‚ ¬500 as compared to sole proprietor and partnership businesses. While the other types of businesses such as Partnership and Sole Proprietor can be brought into existence without reference to